Eunice Newton Foote’s pioneering work on this effect was overshadowed by John Tyndall. This effect drove a positive feedback loop during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction according to the clathrate gun (10[1])hypothesis, (10[1])which predicts the breakdown of permafrost. This effect is caused by infrared-active substances that exert (10[1])a positive radiative forcing (10[1])by absorbing outgoing longwave radiation. (10[1]-5[1])This effect (-5[1])decreases planetary albedo and unbalances (-5[1])the planet’s energy budget. This effect causes Venus to be warmer than (10[1])Mercury. (10[1])For 10 points, global warming is (10[1])driven (-5[1])by what effect in which gases (10[1])like (10[1])methane (10[1])and carbon dioxide trap energy inside the atmosphere? ■END■ (10[1])