Eunice Newton Foote’s pioneering work on this effect was overshadowed (10[1])by John Tyndall. (10[1])This effect (10[1])drove (10[1])a positive feedback loop during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction (10[1]-5[1])according to (10[1])the (10[1])clathrate gun (10[2])hypothesis, (10[8])which predicts (-5[1])the breakdown (10[1])of permafrost. (10[2]-5[2])This (10[2])effect (10[2])is (10[3])caused (10[3])by (10[2])infrared-active (10[4])substances (10[9]-5[3])that exert (10[3]-5[1])a positive (10[3])radiative (10[3])forcing (10[4])by absorbing (10[1])outgoing (10[2])longwave (10[4])radiation. (10[10]-5[1])This (10[1])effect (10[1]-5[1])decreases (10[1])planetary (10[1]-5[1])albedo (10[1])and unbalances (10[1]-5[1])the planet’s (10[1])energy budget. (10[2])This effect causes Venus to be warmer (10[2])than (10[2])Mercury. (10[6])For 10 (10[1])points, (10[2])global (10[2])warming is (10[1])driven (-5[1])by what effect in which gases (10[1])like (10[1])methane (10[1])and carbon dioxide trap energy inside the atmosphere? (10[1])■END■ (10[5])