Eunice Newton Foote’s pioneering work on this effect was overshadowed by John Tyndall. This effect drove a positive feedback loop during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction (-5[1])according to the clathrate gun hypothesis, which predicts the breakdown (10[1])of permafrost. (-5[1])This (10[1])effect (10[1])is caused by (10[2])infrared-active substances that exert a positive (10[1])radiative forcing by absorbing (10[1])outgoing longwave radiation. This effect decreases planetary albedo and unbalances the planet’s energy budget. This effect causes Venus to be warmer than Mercury. For 10 points, (10[2])global (10[1])warming is driven by what effect in which gases like methane and carbon dioxide trap energy inside the atmosphere? ■END■ (10[1])