Eunice Newton Foote’s pioneering work on this effect was overshadowed (10[1])by John Tyndall. This effect drove a positive feedback loop during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction according to the (10[1])clathrate gun hypothesis, which predicts the breakdown of permafrost. (10[1])This effect is (10[2])caused by infrared-active substances (10[1])that exert (-5[1])a positive radiative forcing (10[1])by absorbing outgoing longwave (10[1])radiation. This effect decreases planetary albedo and unbalances the planet’s energy budget. This effect causes Venus to be warmer than Mercury. For 10 points, global (10[1])warming is driven by what effect in which gases like methane and carbon dioxide trap energy inside the atmosphere? ■END■