Eunice Newton Foote’s pioneering work on this effect was overshadowed by John Tyndall. This effect drove a positive feedback loop during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction according to the clathrate gun hypothesis, which predicts the breakdown of permafrost. This effect is (10[1])caused by infrared-active substances that exert a positive radiative forcing by absorbing outgoing (10[1])longwave radiation. This effect decreases planetary (10[1])albedo and unbalances the planet’s energy budget. This effect causes Venus to be warmer than (10[1])Mercury. For 10 points, global warming is driven by what effect in which gases like methane and carbon dioxide trap energy inside the atmosphere? ■END■