A form of “robustness” in which this quantity is constant across stoichiometric compatibility classes is exemplified by the E. coli glyoxylate bypass system. The time evolution of a vector of these quantities gives the dynamics of a chemical reaction network. Limit cycles in the space of these quantities arise in the Brusselator model, which models the color changes of the BZ reaction. To better model (-5[1])real electrolytes, Debye–Hückel theory scales these quantities by (*) activity coefficients. (10[1]-5[1])The time derivative of this quantity for a reaction intermediate is assumed to be zero in the steady-state (10[1])approximation. (10[1])In rate laws for reactions in solution, species’ values for this quantity are raised to their stoichiometric coefficients. For 10 points, dilution decreases what (10[1])quantity whose unit is moles per liter? ■END■ (10[2])