A form of “robustness” in which this quantity is constant across stoichiometric compatibility classes is exemplified by the E. coli glyoxylate bypass system. The time evolution of a vector of these quantities gives the dynamics of a chemical reaction network. Limit cycles in the space of these quantities arise in the Brusselator model, which (-5[1])models the color changes of the BZ reaction. To better model real electrolytes, Debye–Hückel theory scales these quantities by (*) activity coefficients. The time derivative of this quantity for a reaction (10[1])intermediate is assumed to be zero in the steady-state approximation. In rate laws for reactions in solution, (10[1])species’ values for this quantity are raised to their stoichiometric coefficients. For 10 points, dilution decreases what quantity whose unit is moles per liter? ■END■