A form of “robustness” in which this quantity is constant across stoichiometric compatibility classes is exemplified by the E. coli glyoxylate bypass system. The time evolution of a vector of these quantities gives the dynamics of a chemical reaction network. Limit cycles in the space of these quantities arise in the Brusselator model, which models the color changes of the BZ reaction. (15[1])To better model real electrolytes, Debye–Hückel theory scales these quantities by (*) activity coefficients. The time derivative of this quantity for a reaction intermediate is assumed to be zero in the steady-state approximation. In rate laws for reactions in solution, species’ values for this quantity are raised to their stoichiometric coefficients. For 10 points, dilution (10[1])decreases what quantity whose unit is moles per liter? ■END■