A form of “robustness” in which this quantity is constant across stoichiometric compatibility classes is exemplified by the E. coli glyoxylate bypass system. The time evolution of a vector of these quantities gives the dynamics of a chemical reaction network. Limit cycles in the space of these quantities arise in the Brusselator model, which models the color changes of the BZ reaction. To better model real electrolytes, Debye–Hückel theory scales these quantities by (*) activity coefficients. The time derivative (10[1])of this quantity for a reaction intermediate is assumed to be zero in the steady-state (10[1])approximation. In rate laws for reactions (10[1])in solution, species’ values for this quantity are raised to their stoichiometric coefficients. For 10 points, dilution decreases what quantity whose unit is moles per liter? ■END■