These devices can be fusion spliced together to maintain a low gap loss after generating a quality cleave in them using the scribe-and-tension method. These devices are produced from multi-story draw towers. Erbium-doped amplifiers are used in conjunction with these devices to prevent degradation and allow them to leverage wavelength-division multiplexing. The acceptance angle of these devices corresponds to their numerical aperture. (10[1]-5[1])Dispersion limits (-5[1])the maximum length of the multi-mode types of these waveguides, (10[1])which have a higher ratio of core (10[1])to cladding diameter (10[1])than their single-mode type. (-5[1])For 10 points, (10[1])total internal (-5[1])reflection confines light (10[2])inside (10[1])what long, thin communication devices (10[1])used for high-speed Internet? ■END■ (10[1])