These devices can be fusion spliced together to maintain a low gap loss after generating a quality cleave in them using the scribe-and-tension method. These devices are produced from multi-story draw towers. Erbium-doped amplifiers are used in conjunction with these devices to prevent degradation and allow them to leverage wavelength-division multiplexing. (-5[1])The acceptance angle of these devices corresponds to their numerical aperture. Dispersion limits the maximum length of the multi-mode types of these waveguides, (10[1]-5[1])which have a higher ratio of core (10[1])to cladding diameter than their single-mode type. For 10 points, total internal reflection confines light inside what long, (-5[1])thin communication (10[1])devices (10[1])used for high-speed Internet? ■END■ (10[3]0[1])