These devices can be fusion spliced together to maintain a low gap loss after generating a quality cleave in them using the scribe-and-tension method. (-5[1])These devices are produced from multi-story (0[1])draw towers. Erbium-doped amplifiers are used in conjunction with these devices to prevent degradation and allow them to leverage wavelength-division multiplexing. The acceptance angle of these devices corresponds (-5[1])to their numerical aperture. Dispersion (-5[1])limits (-5[1])the maximum length of the multi-mode types of these (10[1])waveguides, which have a higher ratio of core to cladding diameter than their single-mode type. For 10 points, total internal reflection confines light inside what long, thin communication (-5[1])devices (10[2])used for high-speed Internet? ■END■ (10[3]0[1])