During this decade, William T. Golden recommended appointing Oliver Ellsworth Buckley as a presidential advisor instead of re-establishing the OSRD. While on leave from the MIT presidency towards this decade’s end, James Killian headed the initial PSAC. Congress created the first federally-funded student loan program in this decade as part of the National Defense Education Act, (15[1])which occurred during the International Geophysical Year. New Math began to reform STEM curricula and (*) DARPA was established (-5[1])in this decade following Project Vanguard’s failure. American satellite Explorer 1 was launched in this decade in response (10[1])to the Soviet dog Laika’s space flight. (-5[1])For 10 (10[1])points, name this decade (-5[1])in which the Sputnik 1’s launch began the Space Race. (10[1])■END■ (10[2])