During this decade, William T. Golden recommended appointing Oliver Ellsworth Buckley as a presidential advisor instead of re-establishing the OSRD. While on leave from the MIT presidency towards this decade’s end, James Killian headed the initial PSAC. Congress created the first federally-funded student loan program in this decade as part of the National Defense Education Act, which occurred during the International Geophysical Year. New Math began to reform STEM (-5[1])curricula and (*) DARPA was established in this decade following Project Vanguard’s failure. American satellite Explorer 1 was launched in this decade in response to the Soviet dog Laika’s space flight. For 10 points, name this decade in which the Sputnik 1’s (-5[1])launch began the Space (10[1])Race. ■END■ (10[1])