During this decade, William T. Golden recommended appointing Oliver Ellsworth Buckley as a presidential advisor instead of re-establishing the OSRD. While on leave from the MIT presidency towards this decade’s end, James Killian headed the initial PSAC. Congress created the first federally-funded student loan program in this decade as part of the National Defense Education Act, which occurred during the International Geophysical Year. New Math began to reform STEM curricula and (*) DARPA was established (10[2])in this decade following Project Vanguard’s failure. American satellite Explorer 1 (-5[1])was launched in this decade in response to the Soviet dog Laika’s space flight. For 10 points, name this decade in which the Sputnik 1’s launch began the Space Race. (10[1])■END■ (10[1])