In Icelandic, “quirky subjects” are assigned unusual instances of these features by the verb. Spoken dialects of Arabic omit morphemes, often vowels, that mark these features called ’i‘rāb. Inherent and structural types of these features are respectively based on semantic roles or placement in a (10[1])syntax tree, such as the complement of a verb phrase. Jean-Roger Vergnaud (“vairn-YO”) argued that every noun phrase has one of these features, proposing their namesake “filter.” Split ergativity occurs when a language uses multiple morphosyntactic alignments to assign these features to nouns. Some Uralic languages have over 14 of these features, including illative, (-5[1])ablative, and dative ones. For 10 points, name these features that change the inflection of a noun and include (0[1])the nominative and accusative. ■END■