In Icelandic, “quirky subjects” are assigned unusual instances of these features by the verb. Spoken dialects (10[1])of Arabic omit morphemes, often vowels, that mark these features called ’i‘rāb. Inherent and structural types of these features are respectively based on semantic roles (-5[1])or placement in a syntax tree, such as the complement of a verb phrase. Jean-Roger Vergnaud (“vairn-YO”) argued that every noun phrase has one of these features, (-5[1])proposing their namesake “filter.” Split ergativity occurs when a language uses multiple morphosyntactic alignments to assign these features to nouns. (10[1])Some Uralic languages have (-5[1])over 14 of these features, including (10[1])illative, ablative, and dative ones. (10[2])For 10 (10[1])points, (-5[1])name these features that change the inflection of a noun and include the nominative and accusative. ■END■ (10[1]0[2])