In Icelandic, “quirky subjects” are assigned unusual instances of these features by the verb. Spoken dialects of Arabic omit morphemes, often vowels, that mark these features called ’i‘rāb. (10[1])Inherent and structural types of these features are respectively based on semantic roles or placement in a syntax tree, such as the complement of a verb phrase. Jean-Roger Vergnaud (“vairn-YO”) argued that every noun phrase has one of these features, proposing their namesake “filter.” Split ergativity occurs when a language uses multiple morphosyntactic alignments to assign these features to nouns. Some Uralic languages have over 14 (10[1])of these features, including illative, ablative, and dative (10[1])ones. For 10 points, name these features that change the inflection of a noun and include the nominative and accusative. ■END■