This thinker’s work is used to refute David Hume’s view of miracles in John Earman’s book Hume’s Abject Failure. To critique this thinker, Clark Glymour introduced the “problem of old evidence.” Frank Ramsey and Bruno de Finetti both used Dutch book arguments to show that proponents of this thinker’s system must have a coherent set of beliefs. I. J. Good used this thinker’s work in his solution to the raven paradox, arguing that the observation of a white shoe only slightly alters this school’s namesake “factor.” Proponents of this thinker’s system hold degrees of belief called “credences” and use the principle of conditionalization (10[1])to update their priors to posteriors. For 10 points, a school of probability contrasted with frequentism is named for what 18th-century statistician? ■END■