This book outlines notions of the “true” and the “certain,” which combine with their appropriate disciplines to form the “new critical art” of this book’s author. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this book of Enlightenment philosophy that presents a progression from barbarism to civilization as part of a cyclical view of history.
ANSWER: The New Science (by Giambattista Vico)
[10m] Vico’s “new critical art” uses the true and the certain to follow human thought back to a shared mental dictionary of wisdom, which is given this name. A school of Scottish Enlightenment philosophy that included Thomas Reid took its name from this two-word concept.
ANSWER: common sense [or sensus communis]
[10e] Vico’s insistence that the true and the certain must be combined was directed against this French thinker, whose Meditations on First Philosophy presented “clear and direct ideas” like the Cogito.
ANSWER: René Descartes
<MB, Philosophy>