Mutations in BLM proteins involved in fixing the start of this process can lead to Bloom’s syndrome. During this process, one type of structure is produced in either “short” or “long” pathways depending on FEN1 (“fen-one”) activity. CDC7 and Dbf4 begin this process by phosphorylating the MCM complex. John Cairns experimented on theta structures that form during this process, which uses an enzyme that can be cleaved to form the Klenow fragment. The (-5[1])trimeric PCNA sliding clamp increases the processivity of an enzyme involved in this process. In this semiconservative process, (10[1])Okazaki (10[1])fragments on the lagging strand are fixed by ligase. This process occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle. For 10 points, name this first process of the central dogma, in which the genetic material of a cell is copied. ■END■ (10[1])