Question
This quantity is minimized when particle speeds follow a chi-square distribution with parameter k equals three. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this quantity whose dynamics cannot necessarily obey time-reversal symmetry, according to Loschmidt’s paradox. A result named for this quantity assumes the Stosszahlansatz (“SHTOHSS-zahl-AHN-zotts”) in its derivation.
ANSWER: Boltzmann’s H [or Boltzmann’s eta; accept H-theorem or eta-theorem; reject “enthalpy”]
[10e] Because a decrease in the quantity H corresponds to an increase in a system’s entropy, the H-theorem can be used to prove this statement which asserts that the entropy of a closed system increases over time.
ANSWER: second law of thermodynamics [prompt on second law]
[10m] Boltzmann’s H may slightly increase in finite systems due to these phenomena, the deviation of a quantity from its average value. A theorem in statistical physics corresponds these phenomena to dissipations.
ANSWER: thermal fluctuations [accept fluctuation–dissipation theorem]
<MY, Physics>
Summary
| Great Lakes | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 12.00 | 100% | 20% | 0% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 1 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Midwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 20.00 | 100% | 80% | 20% |
| Northeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
Data
| Illinois C | Chicago B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Illinois A | Chicago D | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Indiana A | WashU A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Chicago A | Indiana B | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| WashU B | Missoui S&T | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |