Question
Two answers required. A baby’s lungs are considered mature if the ratio between these two molecules is more than 2-to-1. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name these two compounds. One of these compounds is found in the lipid that surrounds nerve cell axons, and the other is a type of amphiphilic yellow-brown fatty substance found in animal tissue.
ANSWER: sphingomyelin AND lecithin (“LESS-uh-thin”) [accept lecithin–sphingomyelin ratio; prompt on L/S ratio; prompt on partial answers; reject “myelin”]
[10e] The lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio is tested using this substance. This liquid fills the “sac” around a fetus.
ANSWER: amniotic fluid [accept amniotic sac]
[10m] The centesis of amniotic fluid to test genetic material is usually safer than a “chorionic sampling” procedure named for these structures. These structures can atrophy from inflammation due to conditions like celiac disease.
ANSWER: villi [accept microvilli; accept chorionic villus sampling]
<Chicago B, Biology>
Summary
| California | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
| Florida | 2025-02-01 | Y | 1 | 20.00 | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
| Midwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 16.67 | 100% | 50% | 17% |
| North | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
| Northeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 10.00 | 80% | 20% | 0% |
| Overflow | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 8.00 | 80% | 0% | 0% |
| South Central | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| Southeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 4 | 12.50 | 100% | 25% | 0% |
| UK | 2025-02-01 | Y | 10 | 17.00 | 100% | 70% | 0% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 8 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| Upstate NY | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 20.00 | 100% | 50% | 50% |
Data
| Virginia Tech A | Duke | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Liberty B | UNC B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Virginia A | South Carolina | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |