Question
Congenital defects of this disorder include joint contractures that cause a clenched fist with overlapping fingers. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this genetic disorder that causes various malformations including heart defects and rocker-bottom feet, and is the second most common trisomy disorder after Down syndrome.
ANSWER: Edwards syndrome [or trisomy 18]
[10e] Trisomy disorders like Edwards syndrome are scanned for during pregnancy using this technique. Echocardiography is a type of this technique, which uses high-frequency acoustic waves to look at the uterus.
ANSWER: prenatal ultrasound [or ultrasonography; accept ultrasonogram]
[10m] Edwards syndrome may cause a Dandy–Walker malformation, in which a portion of this structure called the vermis is absent. This structure is displaced down through the foramen magnum in a Chiari (“kee-AH-ree”) malformation, and receives information via mossy and climbing fibers.
ANSWER: cerebellum [accept cerebellum vermis or cerebellar tonsil; prompt on brain]
<Maryland B, Biology>
Summary
| Florida | 2025-02-01 | Y | 1 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Great Lakes | 2025-02-01 | Y | 4 | 12.50 | 100% | 25% | 0% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Midwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 18.33 | 100% | 50% | 33% |
| North | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 16.67 | 100% | 33% | 33% |
| Northeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 12.00 | 80% | 20% | 20% |
| Overflow | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 14.00 | 100% | 40% | 0% |
| Pacific Northwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| South Central | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 15.00 | 100% | 0% | 50% |
| Southeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
| UK | 2025-02-01 | Y | 9 | 15.56 | 100% | 44% | 11% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
| Upstate NY | 2025-02-01 | Y | 1 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Data
| Carnegie Mellon A | Case Western B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Michigan B | Case Western A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Michigan A | Carnegie Mellon B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Ohio State A | Ohio State B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |