This thinker distinguished “active” and “passive” citizens by whether they possessed independence, arguing that a just system would allow mobility between those classes. An “unwritten political philosophy” in this thinker’s aesthetics was located by Hannah Arendt. A proposal to limit the rights of “citizens of the world” to universal hospitality is among (*) three definitive and six preliminary articles proposed by this philosopher. The elimination of assassins and standing armies were among the solutions this philosopher (10[1])outlined in his book Toward Perpetual Peace. (10[2])This philosopher (10[1])had earlier proposed (10[1])a “kingdom” where everyone treats each other as ends in themselves, a concept introduced in a “groundwork.” For 10 points, (-5[1])name this philosopher who wrote the Metaphysics of Morals. ■END■ (0[1])