This thinker distinguished “active” and “passive” citizens by whether they possessed independence, arguing that a just system would allow mobility between those classes. An “unwritten political philosophy” in this thinker’s aesthetics was located by Hannah Arendt. A proposal (-5[1])to limit the rights of “citizens of the world” to universal hospitality (15[1])is among (*) three definitive and six preliminary articles proposed by this philosopher. (10[1])The elimination of assassins and standing armies were (10[1])among (10[1]-5[2])the (10[2])solutions (10[2])this (10[1])philosopher (10[2])outlined in his book (10[3])Toward (10[1])Perpetual (10[1])Peace. (10[12])This philosopher (10[2])had earlier proposed (10[1])a “kingdom” where everyone treats each other as ends in themselves, (10[3])a concept introduced (10[1])in a “groundwork.” (10[1])For 10 points, (10[1]-5[1])name this philosopher who wrote the (10[1])Metaphysics (10[1])of (10[1])Morals. ■END■ (10[4]0[5])