Michael Tooley’s review of this concept holds that the Total Evidence requirement is violated in Paul Draper’s Bayesian explanation of it featuring the “hypothesis of indifference.” William Rowe discussed a theoretical “friendly atheist” in a work exploring this concept’s evidential argument. A work responding to Pierre Bayle outlines this concept’s moral, physical, and metaphysical types. Alvin Plantinga supports the (*) “free will defense” for the existence (-5[1])of this concept. (-5[2])It’s not matter, but Augustine explained this concept's existence as a type of (-5[1])privation. A “Theodicy” attempts to resolve this concept’s namesake problem. For 10 points, identify this concept whose presence in a world created by a benevolent deity (10[1])names a problem in the philosophy of religion. ■END■ (10[2])