To measure disparities in this quantity, Ronald Oaxaca (“wah-HAH-kah”) and Alan Blinder independently developed the econometric “decomposition” technique. Studies on the effect of age and Armed Forces Qualification Test scores on varying levels of this quantity (-5[1])were discredited by stratification (-5[1])economists like William Darity. The log of this quantity is calculated by the Mincer equation using education as an input. The “efficiency” type of this quantity modeled by (*) Shapiro and Stiglitz suggests higher values for it prevent shirking. A difference-in-differences study by Card and Krueger observed levels of this quantity in Pennsylvania and New Jersey restaurants. This quantity’s equilibrium is where labor demand meets labor supply. (10[1])For 10 points, the gender “gap” of what quantity (10[1])states women derive less income than men? ■END■ (10[2])