To measure disparities in this quantity, Ronald Oaxaca (“wah-HAH-kah”) and Alan Blinder independently (15[1])developed the econometric “decomposition” technique. Studies on the effect of age and Armed Forces Qualification Test scores on varying levels of this quantity (-5[1])were discredited by stratification (-5[2])economists (-5[1])like William Darity. (-5[1])The log of this quantity is calculated by the Mincer equation using education (-5[1])as an input. The “efficiency” (-5[2])type of this quantity (15[1])modeled (15[1])by (15[1])(*) Shapiro (10[1])and Stiglitz (10[1]-5[1])suggests higher values (-5[1])for it (10[3])prevent shirking. (10[5])A difference-in-differences (10[1])study (10[1])by Card and Krueger (10[2])observed levels of this quantity (10[2])in Pennsylvania (10[1]-5[1])and New Jersey (10[1])restaurants. This quantity’s equilibrium is where labor (-5[1])demand meets (10[1])labor (10[2])supply. (10[2]-5[2])For 10 points, the gender “gap” (10[2])of (10[1])what quantity (10[5])states women derive less income (10[1])than men? (10[4])■END■ (10[9])