cosmological constant - 2024 ACF Winter at UBC

Question

The Einstein tensor plus this quantity times the metric equals 8 pi big-G over c-to-the-fourth according to the Einstein field equations. For 10 points each:

[10m] The accelerating expansion of the universe is reflected by what quantity in a model that pairs it with “CDM”?

ANSWER: cosmological constant [prompt on lambda-CDM model]

[10e] Einstein introduced the cosmological constant as part of his field equations within this theory, which incorporates the curvature of spacetime into its description of gravitation.

ANSWER: general relativity [or GR; prompt on relativity; reject “special relativity”]

[10h] Unlike Minkowski diagrams, these diagrams are used in general relativity to show causal relationships. They consist of diamonds plotting space against time, where the corners represent conformal infinities.

ANSWER: Penrose diagrams [or Penrose–Carter diagrams]

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Summary


2024 ACF Winter at Clemson	2024-11-16	Y	7	14.29	71%	43%	29%
2024 ACF Winter at Lehigh	2024-11-16	Y	7	17.14	71%	71%	29%
2024 ACF Winter at Northwestern	2024-11-16	Y	9	22.22	100%	78%	44%
2024 ACF Winter at Ohio State	2024-11-16	Y	7	14.29	71%	57%	14%
2024 ACF Winter at UBC	2024-11-16	Y	3	16.67	100%	67%	0%
2024 Penn Bowl CWRU	11/02/2024	N	1	10.00	100%	0%	0%
2024 Penn Bowl Chicago	11/02/2024	N	3	20.00	100%	67%	33%
2024 Penn Bowl Harvard	10/26/2024	N	2	10.00	100%	0%	0%
2024 Penn Bowl Mainsite	11/02/2024	N	2	25.00	100%	100%	50%
2024 Penn Bowl UK	10/26/2024	N	4	15.00	100%	50%	0%

Data


Alberta	UBC B	10	10	20
UW B	UBC A	0	10	10
UW A	SFU	10	10	20