The Einstein tensor plus this quantity times the metric equals 8 pi big-G over c-to-the-fourth according to the Einstein field equations. For 10 points each:
[10m] The accelerating expansion of the universe is reflected by what quantity in a model that pairs it with “CDM”?
ANSWER: cosmological constant [prompt on lambda-CDM model]
[10e] Einstein introduced the cosmological constant as part of his field equations within this theory, which incorporates the curvature of spacetime into its description of gravitation.
ANSWER: general relativity [or GR; prompt on relativity; reject “special relativity”]
[10h] Unlike Minkowski diagrams, these diagrams are used in general relativity to show causal relationships. They consist of diamonds plotting space against time, where the corners represent conformal infinities.
ANSWER: Penrose diagrams [or Penrose–Carter diagrams]
<Physics>