A historical text about rulers with this title was first translated into a European language by the monk Palladius. A holder of this title “and the Making of the Modern World” titles a revisionist biography by Jack Weatherford. The Rouran (“ROH-rahn”) Confederacy likely borrowed this title from a system of government developed by the Xiānbēi (“sh’YEN-bay”) people. One ruler who claimed this title after defeating (10[1])his anda blood brother Jamukha (10[2])created the yam (10[1])postal system. (10[1])An Iranian state whose rulers held this title was defeated by (10[1])Mamluk soldiers at the Battle (10[1])of Ain Jalut. (10[1])Holders of this title were traditionally elected at tribal assemblies known as kurultai. For 10 points, name this title for leaders of Turkic and Mongolian steppe empires, held by Hülegü and Genghis. ■END■