This ruler put down a serf revolt that started in the Metaliferi Mountains that was led by Closca, Crisan, and Horea. This ruler’s first wife, Isabella of Parma, had an affair with his sister-in-law Maria Christina before she died of smallpox. Soldiers in this ruler’s army apocryphally mistook the German word for “halt” (-5[1])as “Allah,” (10[1])resulting in a friendly-fire incident at the Battle of Karánsebes (“KAW-rahn-seb-esh”). This ruler’s attempts (10[1])to obtain Bavaria led a rival monarch to form the Fürstenbund. After 15 years of co-rule with his mother, (10[1])this ruler issued (-5[1])the Serfdom Patent and the Patent of Toleration, which he later followed with the Edict of Toleration. This enlightened absolutist ruler patronized Salieri and Mozart. For 10 points, name this Holy Roman Emperor who succeeded Maria Theresa. ■END■ (10[1])