This ruler put down a serf revolt that started in the Metaliferi Mountains that was led by Closca, Crisan, and Horea. This ruler’s first wife, Isabella of Parma, had an affair with his sister-in-law Maria Christina before she died of smallpox. Soldiers in this ruler’s army apocryphally mistook the German word for “halt” as “Allah,” resulting in a friendly-fire incident at the Battle of Karánsebes (“KAW-rahn-seb-esh”). This ruler’s attempts to obtain Bavaria led a rival monarch to form the Fürstenbund. After 15 years of co-rule with his mother, this ruler issued the Serfdom (10[1])Patent and the Patent of Toleration, which he later followed with the Edict of Toleration. This enlightened absolutist (10[1])ruler patronized Salieri and Mozart. For 10 points, name this Holy Roman Emperor who succeeded Maria Theresa. ■END■