In the paper Models and Reality, Hilary Putnam discusses one of these statements named for Skolem. While explaining one of these statements, Carl Gustav Hempel imagined melting ice with a colorless flame and argued for applying Nicod’s criterion. The study of these statements led Ramsey to develop the Theory of Simple Types. Investigating these statements caused Graham Priest to develop the first-order logic LP with three values. An appendix was hastily made for the Grundgesetze (10[1])(“GROOND-guh-ZETTS-uh”) when one of these statements was derived from Frege’s Basic Law V, undermining logicism. One of these statements named for liars can be resolved with (10[1])the (10[1])position of dialetheism (“die-uh-LEE-thee-ism”), while another attributed to Zeno involves an arrow flying in space. For 10 points, name these statements in the study of logic that appear to contradict themselves. ■END■