Question
A 2022 paper showed that the California Air Resources Board systematically overestimates the amount of these things to award as part of the state's cap-and-trade program. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name these things that are earned through actions like improved forest management. The non-profit Verra administers the VCS standard for certifying these things.
ANSWER: carbon offsets [or carbon credits; or greenhouse gas credits; or emission reduction credits; prompt on credits]
[10h] A common source of controversy arises from validating whether offset programs meet this criterion, which requires a given program to provide greater demonstrable benefits than a baseline scenario.
ANSWER: additionality
[10e] The world's largest carbon crediting schemes are the Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation, which were both created as part of this 1997 treaty signed in a Japanese city.
ANSWER: Kyoto Protocol
<Shan Kothari , Current Events/Modern World - Mixed/Any>
Summary
| 2023 NASAT | 06/17/2023 | Y | 9 | 13.33 | 89% | 44% | 0% |
Data
| Missouri A | Asia A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| New Jersey B | Asia B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Illinois White | Illinois Blue | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| Kentucky A | California | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| Missouri B | Kentucky B | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| Pennsylvania | Liberia | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Maryland Red | New Jersey A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Ohio | Illinois Orange | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Arkansas | Virginia | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |