A 2022 paper showed that the California Air Resources Board systematically overestimates the amount of these things to award as part of the state's cap-and-trade program. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name these things that are earned through actions like improved forest management. The non-profit Verra administers the VCS standard for certifying these things.
ANSWER: carbon offsets [or carbon credits; or greenhouse gas credits; or emission reduction credits; prompt on credits]
[10h] A common source of controversy arises from validating whether offset programs meet this criterion, which requires a given program to provide greater demonstrable benefits than a baseline scenario.
ANSWER: additionality
[10e] The world's largest carbon crediting schemes are the Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation, which were both created as part of this 1997 treaty signed in a Japanese city.
ANSWER: Kyoto Protocol
<Shan Kothari , Current Events/Modern World - Mixed/Any>