This phenomenon can be modeled with the Newell-Daganzo flux function. This phenomenon is modeled by a self-organizing cellular automaton in the Biham-Middleton-Levine model. This phenomenon is characterized by phase transitions between states labeled F, S, and J in a theory developed by Boris Kerner. A 1955 paper by Lighthill and Whitham described disturbances in this phenomenon (15[1])as either shock waves or kinematic waves. You can pick any two of flow, velocity, and density to be the axes of this phenomenon's so-called (*) “fundamental diagram.” (10[1])This phenomenon can be complicated by a stationary or moving bottleneck, producing upstream congestion. For 10 points, name this phenomenon, where demand near the maximum capacity can lead to namesake slow-moving “jams.” ■END■ (10[2])