This phenomenon can be modeled with the Newell-Daganzo flux function. This phenomenon is modeled by a self-organizing cellular automaton in the Biham-Middleton-Levine model. This phenomenon is characterized by phase transitions between states labeled F, S, and J in a theory developed by Boris Kerner. A 1955 paper by Lighthill and Whitham described disturbances in this phenomenon as either shock waves or kinematic waves. You can pick any two of flow, velocity, and density to be the axes of this phenomenon's so-called (*) “fundamental diagram.” This phenomenon can be complicated by a stationary or moving bottleneck, producing upstream congestion. For 10 points, name this phenomenon, where demand near the maximum capacity can lead to namesake slow-moving “jams.” ■END■
ANSWER: vehicle traffic (accept traffic congestion or traffic jams or traffic flow, prompt on “congestion” by asking “what's causing the congestion?”, reject “network traffic”; reject answers like “driving” or “using roads”)
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= Average correct buzz position