This phenomenon can be modeled with the Newell-Daganzo flux function. This phenomenon is modeled by a self-organizing cellular automaton in the Biham-Middleton-Levine model. This phenomenon is characterized by phase transitions between states labeled F, S, and J in a theory developed (15[1])by Boris Kerner. A 1955 paper by Lighthill and Whitham described disturbances in this phenomenon as either shock waves or kinematic waves. You can pick any (15[1])two of flow, velocity, and density to be the axes of this phenomenon's so-called (*) “fundamental diagram.” This (-5[1])phenomenon can (10[1])be (15[1])complicated by a (15[1]-5[1])stationary or moving bottleneck, producing upstream congestion. (10[1])For 10 points, name this phenomenon, (10[1])where demand near (10[1])the maximum (10[1]-5[1])capacity (10[1])can lead (10[1])to namesake slow-moving (10[3])“jams.” (10[1])■END■