This was the main profession of the noole, who constituted the bottom caste of traditional Wolof society. For 10 points each:
[10e] What general profession’s “privilege” to mock powerful people freely without punishment was symbolized by objects such as a prop stick with a head on it, or cap and bells?
ANSWER: court jesters [or fools; or jokers; or buffoons; or clowns; or motleys; or harlequins; or pantaloons; or merry andrews; or pranksters; or jokesters]
[10m] Martin Luther used jester’s privilege when he suggested that monks should break their chastity vows in one of his polemics in response to this document, which he then burned, leading to his excommunication a year later.
ANSWER: Exsurge Domine [or Arise, O Lord] (That polemic is Address to the Nobility of the German Nation.)
[10h] Jester Mèng, China’s first actor, donned a robe and cap whenever he offered outlandish advice to King Zhuāng of this state. Xiàng Yǔ led a later state with this name that was defeated by Liú Bāng at the Battle of Gāixià (“guy”-shuh).
ANSWER: Chǔ [or Jīng; or Jingchu]
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