Rat CA3 cells were infected to express a fusion protein consisting of YFP and one of these proteins in a 2005 paper by the Deisseroth group. (15[1])The first chapter of William Bialek’s Biophysics describes how certain cells can act as perfect counters due to the femtosecond excited-state interconversion of these proteins. The duplication of LWS, one of these proteins, gave primates the ability to ascertain ripeness. The binding of arrestin-1 inhibits one of these proteins, (15[1]-5[3])which activates (-5[1])(*) transducin in a pathway in which a phosphodiesterase (10[1])cleaves cGMP. (-5[1])Neurons expressing ChR2, one of these proteins, are selectively activated by lasers in a common (10[1])optogenetic procedure. These GPCRs bind to the pigmented 11-cis-retinal, (-5[1])a Vitamin (10[1])A-derived molecule (10[1])that isomerizes after absorbing light. (-5[1])For 10 points, name these photoreceptors, (-5[1])one of which is encoded by the RHO gene. ■END■ (10[4]0[2])