Question

These molecules bind to the V-beta chain of T-cell receptors, giving them a greater number of potential targets than those restricted to unique alpha and beta receptor clonotypes. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name these molecules that bind class II MHCs and T-cell receptors outside of the normal peptide-binding groove, resulting in T-cell overactivation. These molecules act as potent exotoxins in scarlet fever.
ANSWER: superantigens [accept SAgs; prompt on antigens]
[10e] Superantigen engagement causes T-cells to activate signaling through the Src (“sark”) family of kinases, which are enzymes that transfer these groups from donors like ATP to their substrates.
ANSWER: phosphates
[10m] In the absence of a Src kinase, SAgs activate T-cells through the activation of phospholipase C by the alpha-11 subunit of these proteins. These proteins couple with receptors that cross the cell membrane seven times.
ANSWER: G proteins [or guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins; accept heterotrimeric G proteins]
<AY, Biology>

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Berkeley ABerkeley C0101020
Berkeley BStanford A0101020
McDouble West-CarletonWaterloo010010
Ottawa COttawa A0000
Toronto Ray of Sun in the SkyOttawa B0101020
Auxiliary CLUSGV Capital0101020
Chicago APurdue A0101020
Illinois ANotre Dame A10101030
IndianaIllinois B0000
Purdue BNotre Dame B010010
VanderbiltChicago B0101020
Missouri ASIUE0101020
WUSTL XYZSquidward Community College10101030
WUSTL H2OMissouri B010010
Cornell MATLABRIT0000
Cornell RSyracuse+Rochester0101020