A series of experiments involving these things involved the maxim “generalizations would come in due time” and was conducted by W. S. Small to focus on its subjects’ “natural proclivities.” Olton and Samuelson assessed reference and working memory in an experiment involving a “radial arm” one of these things. Distal cues in these things’ “oasis” type were added after an associative learning study by Richard Morris. Studies using these things, which led to Edward Tolman’s latent learning theory, were used to develop cognitive maps. With Harvey Carr, John Watson conducted a stimulus and response experiment using one of these things that made a “kerplunk” (-5[1])sound when a rat ran into it. For 10 points, name these structures that psychologists use to study (10[1])the navigation of mice. ■END■ (10[2])