A series of experiments involving these things involved the maxim “generalizations would come in due time” and was conducted by W. S. Small to focus on its subjects’ “natural proclivities.” (-5[1])Olton and Samuelson assessed reference and working memory in an experiment involving a “radial arm” one of these things. Distal cues in these things’ “oasis” type were added after an associative learning study by Richard Morris. (-5[1])Studies using these things, which led to Edward Tolman’s latent learning theory, were used to develop cognitive maps. With Harvey Carr, John Watson conducted a stimulus and response experiment using one of these things (10[1])that made a “kerplunk” sound (-5[1])when a rat (10[1])ran into it. For 10 points, name these structures that psychologists use to study the navigation of mice. ■END■ (10[3])