Question
In a namesake hypothesis, Heiko Braak described how this disease begins in the brain’s olfactory nucleus. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this neurodegenerative condition characterized by a shuffling gait, rigidity, and tremors.
ANSWER: Parkinson’s disease [or PD]
[10h] Braak suggested that one cause of Parkinson’s is the aggregation of this protein within Lewy bodies, inhibiting the release of dopamine. High accumulation of this protein may also cause multiple system atrophy.
ANSWER: alpha-synuclein [or SCNA; prompt on synuclein]
[10m] Parkinson’s can be detected using a type of MRI imaging named for this substance. Dopaminergic neuron loss during Parkinson’s occurs in an area of the brain containing a high level of this substance called the substantia nigra.
ANSWER: melanin [accept neuromelanin]
<Sheffield A, Biology>
Summary
| California | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 0% | 33% |
| Great Lakes | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 10.00 | 80% | 20% | 0% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Midwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 15.00 | 100% | 17% | 33% |
| North | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
| Overflow | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 12.00 | 100% | 0% | 20% |
| Pacific Northwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| South Central | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 15.00 | 100% | 0% | 50% |
| Southeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 4 | 17.50 | 100% | 25% | 50% |
| UK | 2025-02-01 | Y | 11 | 23.64 | 146% | 73% | 18% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 8 | 12.50 | 75% | 25% | 25% |
| Upstate NY | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Data
| Columbia B | Haverford B | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| Cornell B | Columbia C | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| John Jay College | NYU A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Rutgers A | Johns Hopkins A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Maryland B | Penn B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| NYU B | George Washington A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| George Washington B | Penn A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Yale A | Vassar A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |