Question
The Wightman axioms give requirements for these things, which have infinitely many degrees of freedom. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name these things that permeate space and are characterized by their Lagrangian density, such as in the Klein–Gordon equation. Particles arise from excitations in these things.
ANSWER: fields [or quantum fields]
[10h] Haag’s theorem argues that quantum field theories are ill-formed because these representations cannot exist. In this representation, both states and operators are time-dependent.
ANSWER: interaction picture [accept, but DO NOT REVEAL, Dirac picture]
[10e] This originator of quantum field theory names a relativistic generalization of the Schrödinger equation. This British physicist’s namesake delta function is infinite at the origin and vanishes everywhere else.
ANSWER: Paul Dirac [accept Dirac equation or Dirac delta function]
<Indiana A, Physics>
Summary
| California | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 23.33 | 100% | 100% | 33% |
| Florida | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 6.67 | 33% | 33% | 0% |
| Great Lakes | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 13.33 | 67% | 50% | 17% |
| Midwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 16.67 | 83% | 67% | 17% |
| North | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 23.33 | 100% | 100% | 33% |
| Northeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 14.00 | 80% | 60% | 0% |
| Overflow | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 12.00 | 80% | 20% | 20% |
| South Central | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 25.00 | 100% | 100% | 50% |
| Southeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 20.00 | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| UK | 2025-02-01 | Y | 10 | 16.00 | 90% | 60% | 10% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 16.67 | 100% | 50% | 17% |
| Upstate NY | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 13.33 | 67% | 67% | 0% |
Data
| Cornell B | Maryland A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Columbia B | Johns Hopkins A | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| Columbia C | Maryland B | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| John Jay College | Rutgers A | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| Penn A | Vassar A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Yale A | NYU A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |