Use of this word may have originated as a marker of anti-Arianism, as it affirmed the consubstantiality of the Father and the Son. For 10 points each:
[10m] Give this Latin word whose insertion into the Nicene Creed was a major catalyst of the Great Schism, wherein the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches permanently severed communion.
ANSWER: filioque (“fee-lee-OH-kway”) clause
[10e] The filioque clause states that this third member of the Trinity proceeds both from the Father and the Son, rather than just from the Father as in the original Nicene creed.
ANSWER: the Holy Spirit [or Holy Ghost; or Hágion Pneûma; or Sanctus Spīritus; accept Paraclete or Paráklētos]
[10h] Gregory Palamas promoted an Aristotelian distinction between these two concepts relating to God in defense of the Hesychasts’ (“HESS-ih-casts”) view of “uncreated light.” Separation of these two concepts was regarded as polytheistic in the West.
ANSWER: God’s essence AND energies [or oûsia AND enérgeia; accept essence–energies distinction; accept energy in place of “energies”; prompt on potentiality AND actuality; prompt on dýnamis in place of “oûsia”]
<ASU A, Religion>