Word forms are acceptable. A dynasty with this name was the first to use a cross made of five blue shields with white dots that is still used on Portugal’s flag. In his book The Autumn of the Middle Ages, Johan Huizinga (“HOW-zin-ga”) argues a state with this name made of patchwork fiefdoms sponsored an “overripe” chivalric court culture that awaited the Renaissance. (10[1])An upper and lower state with this name were merged to form a kingdom sometimes called Arelat within the Holy Roman Empire. A cadet branch of the Valois (“VAL-wah”) dynasty ruled a virtually-independent duchy (10[1])with this name that often changed sides during the Hundred (10[1])Years’ War under dukes like Philip the Good and Charles the Bold. (10[1])For 10 points, what name given to many different states in eastern France is (10[1])synonymous with a dark shade of red associated with its wine? ■END■