The metals found in Fischer-type and Schrock-type carbenes have low and high values for this quantity respectively. The 18-electron rule is applicable for low values of this quantity for metals in organometallic complexes. For a given pH, this quantity is found on the x-axis of Frost–Ebsworth diagrams. (10[2])Relativistic effects affecting the 6s orbital allows gold to assume a negative value of this quantity. (10[1]-5[1])Due to the inert-pair effect, (-5[1])larger Group 14 elements tend to reduce the value of this quantity by 2. Fluorine is the only halogen to exclusively have a value of negative one for this quantity. (10[1])For 10 points, (10[1])name this quantity that gives the number of electrons lost (-5[1])from an atom (-5[1])during bonding. ■END■ (10[1]0[6])